Linux主机安全基线检查(15条)
概述
今天主要分享一个Linux主机安全基线脚本，仅供参考。
基线检查内容：
[1] 账号策略检查
[2] 登录超时检查
[3] 特权用户检查
[4] 空登录口令用户检查
[5] sudo权限用户检查
[6] 用户缺省权限检查
[7] 系统关键目录权限检查
[8] ssh配置检查
[9] 系统ping服务检查
[10] 系统telnet服务检查
[11] 远程连接的安全性配置检查
[12] 异常隐含文件检查
[13] syslog登录事件检查
[14] 日志审核功能检查
[15] 系统core dump状态检查
留意，复制以下代码，粘贴到notepad++编辑器中，建议使用UTF8编码，同时选择 编辑--文档格式转换--转为Unix(LF)，以免脚本在linux运行会报错；
报错如图所示：
#!/bin/bash
######################################
# linux主机安全基线检查
# copyright by hwb
# date:2020-12-17
######################################
scanner_time=`date '+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S'`
scanner_log="/tmp/checkResult_${scanner_time}.log"
uptime=$(uptime | sed 's/.*up \([^,]*\), .*/\1/')
#调用函数库
[ -f /etc/init.d/functions ] && source /etc/init.d/functions
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
source /etc/profile
#Require root to run this script.
[ $(id -u) -gt 0 ] && echo "请用root用户执行此脚本！" && exit 1
#报错日志记录
[ -f ${scanner_log} ] || touch ${scanner_log}
function getSystemStatus(){
echo ""
if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/i18n ];then
default_LANG="$(grep "LANG=" /etc/sysconfig/i18n | grep -v "^#" | awk -F '"' '{print $2}')"
else
default_LANG=$LANG
fi
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
Release=$(cat /etc/redhat-release 2>/dev/null)
Kernel=$(uname -r)
OS=$(uname -o)
Hostname=$(uname -n)
SELinux=$(/usr/sbin/sestatus | grep "SELinux status: " | awk '{print $3}')
LastReboot=$(who -b | awk '{print $3,$4}')
uptime=$(uptime | sed 's/.*up \([^,]*\), .*/\1/')
echo " 系统：$OS"
echo " 发行版本：$Release"
echo " 内核：$Kernel"
echo " 主机名：$Hostname"
echo " SELinux：$SELinux"
echo "语言/编码：$default_LANG"
echo " 扫描时间：$(date +'%F %T')"
echo " 最后启动：$LastReboot"
echo " 运行时间：$uptime"
export LANG="$default_LANG"
}
bk_safe(){
echo ""
echo -e "\033[33m********************************Linux主机安全基线检查***********************************\033[0m"
echo ""
echo -e "\033[36m 输出结果"/tmp/bk_safe_$scanner_time.txt" \033[0m"
echo ""
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "***********************`hostname -s` 主机安全检查结果********************************" >> ${scanner_log}
getSystemStatus >> ${scanner_log}
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`账号策略检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[1] 账号策略检查中..." /bin/true
passmax=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_MAX_DAYS | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'`
passmin=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_MIN_DAYS | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'`
passlen=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_MIN_LEN | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'`
passage=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep PASS_WARN_AGE | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'`
if [ $passmax -le 90 -a $passmax -gt 0 ];then
echo "[Y] 口令生存周期为${passmax}天，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 口令生存周期为${passmax}天，不符合要求,建议设置不大于90天" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
if [ $passmin -ge 6 ];then
echo "[Y] 口令更改最小时间间隔为${passmin}天，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 口令更改最小时间间隔为${passmin}天，不符合要求，建议设置大于等于6天" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
if [ $passlen -ge 8 ];then
echo "[Y] 口令最小长度为${passlen},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 口令最小长度为${passlen},不符合要求，建议设置最小长度大于等于8" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
if [ $passage -ge 30 -a $passage -lt $passmax ];then
echo "[Y] 口令过期警告时间天数为${passage},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 口令过期警告时间天数为${passage},不符合要求，建议设置大于等于30并小于口令生存周期" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`登录超时检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[2] 登录超时检查中..." /bin/true
checkTimeout=$(cat /etc/profile | grep TMOUT | awk -F[=] '{print $2}')
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
TMOUT=`cat /etc/profile | grep TMOUT | awk -F[=] '{print $2}'`
if [ $TMOUT -le 600 -a $TMOUT -ge 10 ];then
echo "[Y] 账号超时时间${TMOUT}秒,符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 账号超时时间${TMOUT}秒,不符合要求，建议设置小于600秒">> ${scanner_log}
fi
else
echo "[N] 账号超时不存在自动注销,不符合要求，建议设置小于600秒" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`特权用户检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[3] 特权用户检查中..." /bin/true
UIDS=`awk -F[:] 'NR!=1{print $3}' /etc/passwd`
flag=0
for i in $UIDS
do
if [ $i = 0 ];then
flag=1
fi
done
if [ $flag != 1 ];then
echo "[Y] 不存在root账号外的UID为0的异常用户" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 存在非root但UID为0的异常用户，请立刻进行排查" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`空登录口令用户检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[4] 空登录口令用户检查中..." /bin/true
userlist=`awk -F: 'length($2)==0 {print $1}' /etc/shadow`
[ ! $userlist ] && echo "[Y] 不存在空登录口令用户" >> ${scanner_log}
for i in $userlist
do
echo "[N] $i登录密码为空，不符合要求，建议为该用户设置密码！" >> ${scanner_log}
done
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`具有sudo权限用户检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[5] sudo权限用户检查中..." /bin/true
sudolist=`cat /etc/sudoers |grep -v '^#' |grep -v Defaults| grep -v '^$'`
echo "$sudolist" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`用户缺省权限检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[6] 用户缺省权限检查中..." /bin/true
umask1=`cat /etc/profile | grep umask | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'`
umask2=`cat /etc/csh.cshrc | grep umask | grep -v ^# | awk '{print $2}'`
umask3=`cat /etc/bashrc | grep umask | grep -v ^# | awk 'NR!=1{print $2}'`
flags=0
for i in $umask1
do
if [ $i != "027" ];then
echo "[N] /etc/profile文件中所所设置的umask为${i},不符合要求，建议设置为027" >> ${scanner_log}
flags=1
break
fi
done
if [ $flags == 0 ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/profile文件中所设置的umask为${i},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
flags=0
for i in $umask2
do
if [ $i != "027" ];then
echo "[N] /etc/csh.cshrc文件中所所设置的umask为${i},不符合要求，建议设置为027" >> ${scanner_log}
flags=1
break
fi
done
if [ $flags == 0 ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/csh.cshrc文件中所设置的umask为${i},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
flags=0
for i in $umask3
do
if [ $i != "027" ];then
echo "[N] /etc/bashrc文件中所设置的umask为${i},不符合要求，建议设置为027" >> ${scanner_log}
flags=1
break
fi
done
if [ $flags == 0 ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/bashrc文件中所设置的umask为${i},符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`系统关键目录权限检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[7] 系统关键目录权限检查中..." /bin/true
file1=`ls -l /etc/passwd | awk '{print $1}'`
file2=`ls -l /etc/shadow | awk '{print $1}'`
file3=`ls -l /etc/group | awk '{print $1}'`
file4=`ls -l /etc/securetty | awk '{print $1}'`
file5=`ls -l /etc/services | awk '{print $1}'`
#检测文件权限为400的文件
if [ $file2 = "-r--------" ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/shadow文件权限为400，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] /etc/shadow文件权限不为400，不符合要求，建议设置权限为400" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
#检测文件权限为600的文件
if [ $file4 = "-rw-------" ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/security文件权限为600，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] /etc/security文件权限不为600，不符合要求，建议设置权限为600" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
#检测文件权限为644的文件
if [ $file1 = "-rw-r--r--" ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/passwd文件权限为644，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] /etc/passwd文件权限不为644，不符合要求，建议设置权限为644" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
if [ $file5 = "-rw-r--r--" ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/services文件权限为644，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] /etc/services文件权限不为644，不符合要求，建议设置权限为644" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
if [ $file3 = "-rw-r--r--" ];then
echo "[Y] /etc/group文件权限为644，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] /etc/group文件权限不为644，不符合要求，建议设置权限为644" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`SSH配置检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[8] ssh配置检查中..." /bin/true
remoteLogin=$(cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep -v ^# |grep "PermitRootLogin no")
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "[Y] 已经设置root不能远程登陆，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 已经设置root能远程登陆，不符合要求，建议/etc/ssh/sshd_config添加PermitRootLogin no参数" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`ping服务检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[9] 系统ping服务检查中..." /bin/true
pingd=`cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all`
if [ "$pingd" = "1" ]; then
echo "[Y] 服务器已禁ping" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 服务器未禁ping" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`telnet服务检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[10] 系统telnet服务检查中..." /bin/true
telnetd=`rpm -qa|grep telnet | wc -l`
if [ $telnetd = "0" ]; then
echo "[Y] 系统未安装telnet服务 " >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 检测到安装了telnet服务，不符合要求，建议禁用telnet服务" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`远程连接的安全性配置检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[11] 远程连接的安全性配置检查中..." /bin/true
fileNetrc=`find / -xdev -mount -name .netrc -print 2> /dev/null`
if [ -z "${fileNetrc}" ];then
echo "[Y] 不存在.netrc文件，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 存在.netrc文件，不符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
fileRhosts=`find / -xdev -mount -name .rhosts -print 2> /dev/null`
if [ -z "$fileRhosts" ];then
echo "[Y] 不存在.rhosts文件，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 存在.rhosts文件，不符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`异常隐含文件检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[12] 异常隐含文件检查中..." /bin/true
hideFile=$(find / -xdev -mount \( -name "..*" -o -name "...*" \) 2> /dev/null)
if [ -z "${hideFile}" ];then
echo "[Y] 不存在隐藏文件，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 存在隐藏文件，建议仔细检查：" >> ${scanner_log}
for i in ${hideFile}
do
echo $i >> ${scanner_log}
done
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`syslog登录事件检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[13] syslog登录事件检查中..." /bin/true
if [ -f "/etc/syslog.conf" ];then
logFile=$(cat /etc/syslog.conf | grep -V ^# | grep authpriv.*)
if [ ! -z "${logFile}" ];then
echo "[Y] 存在保存authpirv的日志文件" >> ${scanner_log}
else
echo "[N] 不存在保存authpirv的日志文件" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
else
echo "[N] 不存在／etc/syslog.conf文件，建议对所有登录事件都记录" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`日志审核功能检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[14] 日志审核功能检查中..." /bin/true
auditdStatus=$(service auditd status 2> /dev/null)
if [ $? = 0 ];then
echo "[Y] 系统日志审核功能已开启，符合要求" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
if [ $? = 3 ];then
echo "[N] 系统日志审核功能已关闭，不符合要求，建议service auditd start开启" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo "" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "`hostname -s`系统core dump状态检查结果" >> ${scanner_log}
echo "****************************************************" >> ${scanner_log}
action "[15] 系统core dump状态检查中..." /bin/true
limitsFile=$(cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep -V ^# | grep core)
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
soft=`cat /etc/security/limits.conf | grep -V ^# | grep core | awk {print $2}`
for i in $soft
do
if [ "$i"x = "soft"x ];then
echo "[Y] * soft core 0 已经设置" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
if [ "$i"x = "hard"x ];then
echo "[Y] * hard core 0 已经设置" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
done
else
echo "[N] 没有设置core，建议在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加* soft core 0和* hard core 0" >> ${scanner_log}
fi
echo ""
cat ${scanner_log}
echo ""
}
bk_safe
运行效果如图：
备用脚本下载：bk_safe.zip
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